Global warming is the gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface, oceans and atmosphere caused by human activities that emit greenhouse gases into the air. Global warming has many effects on the environment, including
- Melting ice and rising sea levels: As the planet warms, ice sheets and glaciers melt faster than usual, adding more water to the oceans. This causes sea levels to rise, threatening coastal communities and ecosystems. Higher sea levels also increase the risk of flooding, storm surges and erosion. According to the National Geographic Society, global sea levels are rising at a rate of 0.13 inches (3.2 millimetres) per year and are predicted to accelerate in the coming decades.
- Extreme weather and climate change: Global warming is altering patterns of rainfall, wind and ocean currents, leading to changes in the frequency and intensity of weather events. Some regions may experience more droughts, heat waves, wildfires and hurricanes, while others may face more floods, blizzards and cold snaps. These extreme weather events can have devastating impacts on human life, health, agriculture, infrastructure and biodiversity. The United Nations warns that climate change poses many risks to human security, including food insecurity, water scarcity, displacement and conflict.
- Disruption of ecosystems and biodiversity: Global warming affects the habitats and behaviour of many plants and animals, forcing them to adapt, migrate or face extinction. Some species may benefit from warmer temperatures and longer growing seasons, while others may lose food sources, breeding grounds or predators. For example, National Geographic reports that some butterflies, foxes and alpine plants have migrated further north or to higher, cooler areas, while some penguins, polar bears and coral reefs are struggling to survive in their shrinking habitats. Global warming also increases the spread of invasive species, pests and diseases, which can harm native ecosystems and human health.
